Many currently proposed battery-charger designs are simply voltage regulators redesigned to be current sources. Unfortunately, this design approach is far from optimal because it leads to unnecessary ...

A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Capacitor-based charge pumps (or Q-pumps) generally aren’t useful for sourcing large amounts of current, but they work well in niche ...