For observations based on sensory data, the human brain must constantly verify which "version" of reality underlies the perception. The answer is gleaned from probability distributions that are stored ...

Vision is a highly complex process, and requires the construction of a correspondingly complicated functional network made up of diverse nerve-cell types in the developing retina. In mammals, these ...

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is defined as a congenital deficiency of retinal ganglion cells, may also involve more distal layers of the retina. We investigated electrophysiological function of ...

The main nerve of your parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), your vagus nerve relays messages between your brain, digestive system, and heart. Your PNS helps your body relax and recover after stress - ...

There are two specific types of neuralgia, or nerve pain. The first specific type is trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux. Tic douloureux is a neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial ...

Nerve compression syndrome occurs when a nerve is squeezed or compacted. Nerves in the torso, limbs, and extremities may be affected. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of nerve ...

Your ulnar nerve runs all the way from your shoulder to your little finger. The ulnar nerve manages the muscles that allow you to make fine movements with your fingers. It also controls some of the ...

A pinched nerve in the lower back happens when nearby tissue or bone compresses a nerve in the lower part of the spine. Symptoms of a pinched nerve in the lower back include pain, numbness, burning, ...