We offer a unifying empirical model of covered and uncovered currency premia, interest rates and spot and forward exchange rates, both in the cross section and time series of currencies. We find that ...

Discover the concept of underemployment equilibrium in economics, its effects on unemployment rates, and why it persists. Explore Keynesian insights into economic downturns.

Our eLibrary offers over 25,000 IMF publications in multiple formats. Updated estimates of real equilibrium interest rates in the euro area, derived from eight prominent methodologies proposed in the ...

Chemical kinetics investigates the rates at which reactions occur and the factors that influence these rates, while transition state theory (TST) provides a rigorous framework for understanding the ...

Discover how competitive equilibrium balances supply and demand in markets, maximizing economic efficiency for profit-driven producers and value-seeking consumers.

At the air-water interface, a negatively charged amino acid carries out a nucleophile attack on a gas molecule to convert it into a product. The reaction rate is enhanced due to significant reduction ...