Rootstocks serve as the subterranean partner in grafted trees, shaping scion vigour, architecture and physiological status through genetic, hormonal and hydraulic interactions. By selecting rootstocks ...

Apple (Malus × domestica) is globally valued for its taste and nutrition, yet achieving optimal quality is challenging due to the impact of factors like crop load and rootstock on fruit development.

Almond [Prunus dulcis Miller (D.A. Webb)] is a valuable nut crop in the world. The United States is the top producer with total production exceeding 1.1 million metric tons in 2018–19 and representing ...