Dipole toroidal modes are a unique set of excitations that are predicted to occur in various physical systems, ranging from atomic nuclei to metamaterials. What characterizes these excitations, or ...

Quantum states can be precisely controlled with the help of tiny carbon rings measuring only a few nanometers in size. This ...

An artistic pressions of a vortex-ring street analogue to the structure of magnetic field of a NDSTP, where the right- and left- handed vortex rings were highlighted by blue and red, respectively. The ...