In the turbulent centuries after Rome’s collapse, we look at how Charlemagne forged a military machine that became the backbone of his expanding empire. From reorganizing traditional levies into a ...

The preservation of traditions based on the epic of Emperor Charlemagne is the driving force behind the CAROLUS research project. Emanuele Arioli ...

On Dec. 25, 800, Frankish king Charlemagne is crowned as the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. In 799, Leo fled Rome after being assaulted and ...

Charlemagne is known as “the father of Europe,” and little wonder. The Frankish king and conqueror was crowned emperor by the pope on Christmas Day in 800, and thus the Holy Roman Empire came into ...

The French Excalibur, a mythical sword known as Durandal, has gone missing. Legend has it that some 1,300 years ago, Roland, a knight of Charlemagne, hurled the blade so hard that it flew for over 100 ...

A new era is born.