A rapid climate collapse during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction devastated ocean life and reshuffled Earth’s ecosystems. In the aftermath, jawed vertebrates gained an unexpected edge by surviving ...

Researchers have discovered that chemical reactions in underwater hydrothermal vents could have produced the necessary ...

During a geological blink of an eye, glaciers formed over the supercontinent Gondwana, drying out many of the vast, shallow ...

About 445 million years ago, Earth’s oceans turned into a danger zone. Glaciers spread across the supercontinent Gondwana, ...

During these waves of mass extinction, most vertebrate survivors were confined to refugia, or isolated biodiversity hotspots separated by large areas of deep ocean. In these zones, surviving jawed ...

One of Earth’s earliest mass extinctions wiped out most ocean life during a sudden global ice age. From the ruins, jawed vertebrates survived, diversified, and transformed the course of evolution.

These spheres from the abyss conceal creatures with startling biology.

Earth’s magnetic field nearly collapsed long ago. What saved it explains why life survived and why the planet remains ...

They’ve been called “bubble chasers,” and “seep seekers,” though they sometimes call themselves “flare hunters.” They’re a ...

A conveyor belt of ocean water that loops the planet and regulates global temperatures could be heading for a tipping point.

A vanished continent beneath Europe is rewriting geological history and revealing how Earth recycles entire landmasses.

Sharks, ancient mariners predating trees and dinosaurs, have survived five mass extinctions through remarkable adaptability.